The Palm trees. More common diseases

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Palm trees, like other plants, can suffer from problems that affect them, sometimes to death.

The point of a growth point of the palm is the "bud": the point where there are young and young leaves. If this part is affected the plant can weaken and die. The main problems between generals can be distinguished in:

Pests: like insects and mites.

Diseases: bacteria, fungi and viruses.

Physiopathies: due to variations in temperature, lack of nutrients, etc.

PHYSIOPATHIES

They are all external situations and pests and diseases like cold, lack of nutrients, acclimatization and can weaken palms like all plants.

DISEASES

  • Fusarium oxysporum is a root fungus damaged by occasional breaks due to transplanting, copious irrigation, or clay soils. It manifests with the rot of the bud, the leaves (sometimes only one side) become gray and yellow before drying because they do not receive water and nutrients. You can use products that help the plant recover nutrients and vitamins.  
  • The fungus Phytopthora palmivora destroys the roots, appears in very humid environments and at high temperatures or in soils with heavy substrate. The obvious symptom is the dry leaves that fall. 
  • All palm trees, especially Roystonea, Washingtonia, Kentia, Chamaerops humilis, Datilera (Phoenix dactylifera), Canaria (Phoenix canariensis) are affected by a parasitic micro-organ fungus of the palm, known as False Roya or Charcoal of the leaves (Graphiola phoenicis). Leaves discolouration and premature defoliation, as well as early leaf fall sleep symptoms that reduce the life of the palm.

 

 

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The Palm trees. Most common pests

The Palm trees. Most common pests

Palm trees, like other plants, can suffer from problems that affect them, sometimes to death. The point of a growth point of the palm is the "bud": the point where there are young and young leaves. If this part is affected the plant can weaken and die. The main problems between generals can be distinguished in:

  • Pests: like insects and mites.
  • Diseases: bacteria, fungi and viruses.
  • Physiopathies: due to variations in temperature, lack of nutrients, etc.

MOST COMMON PEST

  • Red spider (Tetranychus urticae) White spider (Polyphagotarsonemus latus). They are mites that attack the tender leaves harming their development and that multiply mainly with the dry air of spring and summer. Very effective is Phytoseiulus persimilis or Amblyseius californicus.
  •  Woolly aphid (Lepidosaphes, Chrysonphalus dictyospermi, Cocus hesperidium, Saisetia oleae) and the Red woolly aphid of the palm tree (Phoenicococcus marlatti). There are different types of woolly  aphid that can affect the aerial parts and / or the trunk, in deep zones to the shelter of the light. It can weaken the plant or dry some of its leaves. It is very important to eliminate the parts that are very affected and to control the pest with specific products like Cryptolaemus montrouzieri.
  • There are also butterflies that lay their eggs in the plant. Some of the larvae of Paysandisia Archon for example, developing, galleries in the trunk due feeding into the stem of the palm trees.
  • Thrips are small insects that eat suck the leafs. In this case, the soil must be treated with products against Thrips or release beneficials/

 

Weevils

There are different species of the Curculionidae family of Asian or South American origin that are affecting our countries by the unauthorized importation of non-indigenous species (which is disciplined by Law and that need a phytosanitary passport and a time of observation in nurseries before of the sale).

When visible damage (twisting of the outermost leafs on the central nerve that changes color, leafs falling) is very late and the plant is often compromised and dies at once.

The larvae with powerful jaws dig galleries in the trunk up to meters looking for food to develop, for this reason the plant dies. When the weevil has no food or is adult, look for other palm trees to start a new attack. The life cycle is 3-4 months.

The red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) is the best known pest and has a preference among host species: Canaria (Phoenix canariensis), Datilera (Phoenix dactylifera), Palmito (Chamaerops humilis), Trachycarpus.

The treatment of Preventive Fumigation repeated during the year result in a good control of the red palm weevil.

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